Curriculum Integration :: Teaching Education Integration Essays

Curriculum Integration Contrary to popular belief, curriculum integration entails more than simply linking lessons together along a common theme. It is more than just "rearranging existing lesson plans", it is an attempt to organize "curriculum around significant problems and issues†¦without regard for subject-area boundaries" (Beane, 1997). The goal of curriculum integration is to have students gain a deeper level of understanding across subject areas through interrelated thematic study. Themes are drawn from life "as it is being lived and experienced" with knowledge based around problem solving rather than rote skill acquisition (Beane, 1997). Rather than seeing curriculum integration as this unified and connected series of higher order thinking skills, many people (including teachers) confuse integration with a multidisciplinary approach. Multidisciplinary attempts at teaching thematic units relate individual subjects to singular topic without making connections. For example, during a unit on fish, a teacher could have his or her students read literature about fish and do fish word problems; however, unless the connections of synthesis, analysis, and evaluation are made, true integration is not being achieved. The students are learning a great deal about fish, math, and literature separately, but are not encouraged to see the relationships between each of these subject areas. In order to help foster an understanding across curriculum areas, integration needs to unify the subject matter in the students’ minds through making connections between subject areas and exploring how these relate to their everyday lives. Integration of content is important and potentially very effective because the brain processes information through connections. If teachers help their students create connections between subject-area material, then they will potentially increase the amount of long-term knowledge retained by the students (Beane, 1997). Integration is also important due to the fact that there is a growing emphasis on application of knowledge rather than rote memorization and due to the fact that knowledge is not fixed (Beane, 1997). Integration allows students to look at things from different angles and to explore the grey areas that may be a part of the various concepts. Evidence from both educational journals and personal interviews suggest several different possible approaches to successful science integration. Many of the lesson plans dealt with integrating science with technology or with mathematics. For example, a fifth-grade teacher had his class record weather observations for an entire year and then used their data to teach graphing concepts including bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, as well as concepts such as mean and mode (Chia, 1998).

Easyjet Case Analysis Essay

Is the budget airline segment an attractive place to be? Why (not)? Yes, the budget airline segment is very attractive in a country where the people are interested to travel in low cost airlines without much comforts like business class and food. And more over if the company can reduce its costs in the areas of operations and utilising the resources more efficiently, then budget airline segment is definitely an attractive place. Some of the areas where we can look into reduce the costs are like using the no frills strategy, reducing the number of travel agents, reducing the aircraft stay in a airport (which reduce the fees to be paid for the airports). The above are the some of the strategies used by the easyjet airways and also they used their resources to maximum extent like they operated Boeing flights for 11 hours per day compared to their rivals who used 6 hours per day. Rising middle class all over the world is also another factor which makes the budget airline segment an attractive place because they can afford the air travel at such a low price there by increasing the volumes of air traffic and helps in increasing the profits of the airlines. As the prices are low for the aircraft, the profit margins are also very low and the airlines has to strictly adhere to its operating policies like punctuality and low fares to attract masses and generate revenues. If one cannot stick to their standards they may lose the market (as in the case it was mentioned some 60 out of 80 carriers went bankrupt). Some other aircraft carriers which are successful in this segment are American southwest airlines and Indian Spicejet (They generated profits after introducing the new strategy of low prices). Also in the case it was mentioned the European budget airline segment was expected to grow by as much as 300% by 2004. So it is definitely a best place to compete and sustain. Also some of the business executives also prefer the low cost airlines as they might be travelling a lot and travelling low cost carriers reduces their expense and as they are available at any point of time. Porters five forces can be also used to know the attractiveness of a industry. Bargaining power of Suppliers: The suppliers of the industry are major aircraft manufacturing companies, some of the outsourcing firms, and travelling agents. Here in this case aircraft manufacturers like Boeing have their upper hand. When coming to outsourcing and travel agents airlines try to minimise their intervention to be competitive. Bargaining Power of Buyers : Since there will be lot of competitors in the industry and ultimately the bargaining power rests with the majority of the customers or travellers in this case. Threat of New Substitutes : In many places in Europe, High Speed Rail network directly competes with low-cost airlines. Still 50% of people travelling in some of the routes preferred business class travel. Threat of New Entrants : As mentioned earlier there is scope of 300% growth by 2004 and so many new entrants try to compete in this industry but from the data available it is mentioned 60 out of 80 entrants went bankrupt. So this may restrict the new entrants to think before entering this sector. Intensity of Rivalry Among competetors: The intensity of competition is very high from the competitors like British airways which launched a separate airlines to tap the low budget airline segment So overall considering the above all cases and if an airline can reduce their costs and increase their operational performance, then definitely budget airlines is the place it can compete. How does EasyJet deliver its customer value proposition? Some of the value propositions offered to the customers by the Easyjet are 1. The airlines flew brand new fleet of Boeing 737s to impress the people and let them know they don’t compromise on the safety of the carriers 2. They hired the experienced pilots and crew at market rates and customers are pleased to find the smiling crew when they boarded the flight. 3. They operated strictly according to schedule and had the policy of refunding amount if they are late by 3 hours 4. The cost of changing to another flight was very less (â‚ ¬10+ difference of the fare) 5. Passengers are required to carry their 6 character reference number instead of the tickets. This reduces the paper wastage. 6. Stelios portrayed image of Man of the people by personal interaction with customers. 7. No pre-assigned seating offered. Allotment was based on first come first serve basis. The Harvard Business School case study on Amazon Web Services (AWS) by Huckman, Pisano, and Kind, outlines Amazon’s expansion into selling â€Å"cloud† services. In 2002, 8 years after Amazon appeared as an online retail bookstore, the company started exposing product data in a â€Å"developer-friendly† format to its affiliates via an application program interface (API). The resulting positive response exceeded expectations and led Amazon executives to recognize a market for renting their highly reliable and scalable technical infrastructure to developers in the form of pay-as-you-go web services. By 2008, Amazon had introduced 12 services, including four core offerings described as â€Å"Infrastructure Web Services†: Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Simple Storage Service (S3), Simple DB, and Simple Queue Service (SQS). While the move into cloud computing was an unexpected and bold step by Amazon that surprised the application hosting industry, was AWS a disruptive strategy or a new business model? Clayton Christensen describes a disruptive technology as â€Å"changes that toppled industry’s leaders.† While the idea of leveraging existing assets to create a new business opportunity and gain a competitive advantage was a unique concept and industry differentiator for Amazon, it was not disruptive by definition. Incumbent leaders on the server and computing side like IBM, Sun, and HP all had sophisticated back-ends and application frameworks similar to Amazon and each were starting to develop initiatives to provide infrastructure and software solutions in the cloud. In addition, many large corporations such as Network Appliance, EMC, and Dell already offered online storage capabilities comparable to S3, albeit few provided a similar pay-as-you-go model. AWS was also in front of the other Internet giants, but not by much as each major player already had a mature web hosting business and was starting to develop web service offerings. Microsoft introduced two families of web services in 2005: Windows Live, a suite of consumer software services, and Office Live, a similar range of services targeted to small business. Salesforce.com established force.com in 2007, a platform for developers to create business applications, and Google introduced App Engine in 2008, which was expected to evolve and compete directly with AWS. Amazon first considered creating a broader developer-oriented business when the company realized it was spending â€Å"†¦70 percent of its time building and maintaining the back-end technology ‘muck’ that did not differentiate Amazon from its competitors.† The company brilliantly identified the right new business model at the right time and Andy Jassy’s foresight and vision gained Amazon the first-mover advantage in the developer business. The company, however, did not redefine the back-end infrastructure technology supporting their services nor did they introduce a pioneering approach to data center management that significantly reduced overhead costs and destabilized competition. Amazon’s strategy introduced nothing that neither â€Å"toppled† the industry leaders nor prevented them from responding relatively quickly in offering their technology in the same manner as Amazon. While Amazon‘s cloud computing and web services offering is rich, encompassing, and ahead of its competition, AWS is a new business model positioned to reduce costs and increase free cash flows through better asset utilization. It will be interesting to see the impact true technology companies like IBM, Google, and Microsoft have on AWS as their web services solutions mature. What if AWS cannot maintain the volumes needed to offset their costs? Does Amazon’s move away from their core business and heavy investment in technology leave them inflexible and vulnerable to the strategy of a new online bookstore that utilizes cloud computing in a disruptive way to reduce costs and sell books for less?

My Business An Entrepreneur - 1641 Words

My business concerns In order to flourish a new business an entrepreneur has to face various hurdles. He has to maintain different aspects of his business that he is running. The entrepreneur starts to launch a business on hope that the business will flourish in a few days or in months. But the situation is entirely different. We have to first tackle different issues before starting a business. The following are the situations that an entrepreneur has to face. 1. Not having much business and marketing experience. In case an entrepreneur has not much experience to start a business or does he has any marketing experience. The entrepreneur is required to devise a business plan in order to give his company a good start and a successful business strategy. The following points may be really helpful for an entrepreneur who has neither a business nor a marketing experience. One of the best way to get success and fame in your present business, you must devise a business strategy that is unique to attract the people of every age. These points are very helpful regarding a new business. a) Deciding about the product and services: The first step while starting any successful business one is required to decide his product and services that are the major source of any business success. What these products and services can give to the targeted clients. If these products and services provide a quality that your targeted client needed. If one gets success to put him at a point regardingShow MoreRelatedA Personal Statement On Business Management860 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness owners run this world, besides older people. Entrepreneur have responsibilities like no other job in the american nation. They employ everybody no matter the field. â€Å"Owning a vision† is the motivation that runs an organization to its highest point in power, or to the dirty ground (5). If you have the power to vision, use the same power to create that vision. â€Å"Providing the proper resources and build a culture† is another primary responsibility of an entrepreneur and is key ( 5). ChoosingRead MoreWhat Do We Call People Who Start Their Own Businesses?1504 Words   |  7 PagesWhat do we call people who start their own businesses? Who put their ideas into action? Who create opportunities for others? The term is ‘Entrepreneurs’, they are people who take advantage of a profitable opportunity and take the risk to create and start up their own business. They try and achieve the unmet wants and needs of society. Entrepreneurs have inspired what we now call the ‘Entrepreneurial Spirit,’ which could be defined as an attitude and approach to thinking that actively seeks out changeRead MoreThe Successful Entrepreneurs1264 Words   |  6 PagesBUSINESS MANAGEMENT ( FMG0044 ) ASSIGNMENT 1 : â€Å" THE SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS † Lecturer : Sir Azizi Name : 1) Ahmad Zul Iqmal B. 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As I would believe, the three potential factors help becomingRead MoreFactors That Influence Immigrant Decision1633 Words   |  7 PagesMy thesis is based on the research question â€Å"What factors influence immigrant decision to become self-employed and the differences in their business approach? I have prepared my research paper by the purpose of findings the factors that affect ethnic/immigrant entrepreneurs’ business startup. Business startup is an intensive and challenging process. To recognize and be aware of the factors, which can force an immigrant or attract them to become self-employed are important determining factors forRead MoreWhy Entrepreneurs Start Their Own Business1676 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping soci ety. The term ‘entrepreneur’ is becoming increasingly common amongst individuals in society. 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It seemed like any other textbook and I was not interested because in college, I don’t plan on majoring in business. But as soon as I started reading the introduction, the book caught my attention. The imagery the author provided by narrating a story to imagine got me interested in what the book had to say. I learned many things from this book, as well as recapped prior knowledge, about entrepreneurship. ThereforeRead MorePersonal Characteristics Of A Successful Entrepreneur1027 Words   |  5 Pagesmanage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business. (Definition and Meaning, n.d.) The importance of entrepreneurship plays a vital role in the growth of the U.S. economy. As the primary source for information on the nation s labor market, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics collects data on new business and job creation. (Business Establishment Age, n.d.) In the U.S., economy entreprene urs are

Just Listen Witnessing Trauma By Tim O Brien s The...

In Susan Farrell, the author of â€Å"Just Listen†: Witnessing Trauma in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, mentioned â€Å"...all theorists agree that the process of recovery from trauma must involve a narrativization of traumatic event--putting a sensory images into words in order to integrate trauma into a person s life story† (186). However, without reading Cathy Caruth’s Trauma, readers will not understand that not only integrating trauma into a narrative will help them recover but it also allows the witness apprehend their flashbacks into meaning. Flashbacks, although are taunting, has the most vivid images compared to narrated memories. For one to remember a highlight or a significant moment, one must preserve it as a flashback. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien convert his flashbacks into narrative memories allowing himself and readers to comprehend his experiences, but O’Brien also added flashbacks into his memories create the most graphic images for the readers. Farrell argues, â€Å"Merely telling one’s story of trauma, however is not enough to begin the healing process† (186). Flashbacks are more than a memory, even if one tells others their flashbacks, one still would not understand the meaning or the significance of the intrusive memory. According to Caruth, â€Å"The flashbacks or traumatic reenactment conveys , that is both the truth of an event, and the truth of its incomprehensibility† (Caruth 153). In order for one to understand and heal from their trauma, one

Essay The Character of Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby

The Character of Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby Time tells us that success often comes with a price. Often money will create more problems than it can solve. The richness of a person’s soul can be hidden in the folds of money. Such is the case of Jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is constantly altering in the readers mind due to the various puzzling events that transpire in the novel creating a level of mystery. First off, Gatsby is a man who feels secure in his privacy and allows very few people into his personal life due to lack of trust. Jay often throws parties at his lavish house, only to shrink away from contact with his various guests that frolic in his privately funded bashes. He does not drink, mainly because he has a high†¦show more content†¦Only when Gatsby produces a metal of valor earned in the war does Nick believe in his war service stories. Even then Nick has a hard time believing Gatsby’s educational background because of his uncomfortable declaration that he attended Oxford, a very prestigious English university. Trust is not a strong point of Gastby’s makeup and lifestyle. Therefore, when looking at Gatsby’s most impressive traits one thing that pops up is his energetic smile, vibrant personality, and loyalty to those who he respects or cares about. It is important to mention the fact that Gatsby always seemed to make every person feel important and at ease while conversing with him. It was his nature to express courtesy to any guest he came in contact with, no matter how insignificant they were or what their occupation was. As far as loyalty is concerned, it is best represented in his devotion to Daisy Buchanan. With his money and notoriety he could have easily have had numerous love opportunities. He sacrificed all openings for love as he stoked the coals trying to ignite a past flame with a married women. Even when Jay and Daisy’s relationship was over in the readers mind Gatsby still clung to a hope of having a life with her. He loyally stayed at her house to the wee hours of the morning, convinced her husband was a live wire that could erupt and physically punish his wife. This he displayed to a women that is impossible to love anyone butShow MoreRelated Comparison of the Presentation of the Characters Jay Gatsby and Dick Diver from The Great Gatsby5279 Words   |  22 PagesComparison of the Presentation of the Characters Jay Gatsby and Dick Diver from The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F. Scott Fitzgerald is known as a writer who chronicled his times. This work has been critically acclaimed for portraying the sentiments of the American people during the 1920s and 1930s. ‘The Great Gatsby’ was written in 1924, whilst the Fitzgeralds were staying on the French Riviera, and ‘Tender is the Night’ was written nearly ten years later, is set on, among other places, the Riviera.Read MoreCharacter Analysis of Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald999 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Gatsby is an extraordinary novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, who tells the story about the wealthy man of Long Island named, Jay Gatsby, a middle aged man with a mysterious past, who lives at a gothic mansion and hosts many parties with many strangers who were not entirely invited. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, many characters are discussed uniquely to an extent from the festive, yet status hungry Roaring Twenties. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald introducesRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1413 Words   |  6 PagesAmy Zaragoza Mr. Crook AP Language and Composition Period 1 August 29, 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald 180 Pages 1925 Point of View The Great Gatsby is told in first person, through the eyes of Nick Carraway. Nick Carraway is the protagonist of the novel. By having Nick Carraway as the narrator, readers get to experience what it is like to live in a wealthy, elegant world. Carraway utilized his point of view by showing readers the pointRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1562 Words   |  7 Pageswas having the best time of their lives. An example of these extravagant times was in the the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Who shows that money can corrupt a person s relationship with others. Set in Long Island a town called West Egg in the 1920s, the novel The Great Gatsby shows how relationships have a big meaning in what people s lives are really about. It turns the characters into only caring about money and their social status. Money controls their every move, and with justRead MoreEssay Comparison The Great Gatsby and The Talented Mr. Ripley1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gr eat Gatsby and The Talented Mr. Ripley It can be seen that The Great Gatsby, by Scott Fitzgerald is one the greatest novels of all time. Its method to depict The American Dream has been attempted to be matched an uncountable amount of times. Other aspects used in The Great Gatsby, by Scott Fitzgerald, have also been employed in many forms of media such as novel and movies. One that has done particularly well to employ them is the 1999 motion picture The Talented Mr. Ripley, directedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1599 Words   |  7 Pagespopular novels is named The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is written to reproduce the environment that Fitzgerald was living in. This semiautobiographical work uses fictitious characters to portray how people around Fitzgerald acted and what the overall theme of America was at this point in time. The years that ensued World War I were known for mass productions of alcohol, grand parties, and greed for money. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald depicts America through J ay Gatsby, expresses the conditionRead MoreCompare And Contrast Jack And Jay Gatsby932 Words   |  4 PagesJack and Jay Gatsby made a name for themselves, but they each achieved their goals in different manners. Jack from Fifty Grand and Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby were two of the many Hemingway and Fitzgerald created characters that we learned about in class. They had many similarities, however at times they were are completely opposite, for those reasons I have used them as my selected characters to compare and contrast. 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Reality television is an ironic name for something so False it is not even close to the eve ryday life of a normal American, so from the day we’re old enough to watch tv we are exposed to illusion. The title â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is an accurate title for this book because it depicts Gatsby correctly; Magicians are viewed in admiration becauseRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1286 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary devices are prominent in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writing of The Great Gatsby. To begun, he makes use of many allusions to Arthurian legends, the philosopher Plato, Trimalchio, and Christ. Furthermore, to better understand the characters, he utilizes symbolism. In conclusion, throughout The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald incorporates subtle, yet flawless use of literary devices to aid in the development of characters and theme. First and foremost, F. Scott Fitzgerald utilizes

Accounting Financial Analysis Report Analysis Liquidity Position

Question: Discuss About The Financial Report Analysis Liquidity Position? Answer: Introducation Current ratio The current ratio of Blackmores Limited is 1.53 for 2015 and 1.63 for 2016 which is more than the required rate of 1. It can be recognized from the above calculation that the liquidity position of the company for the year has been improved. The current ratio of any company is regarded as healthy if it is 1 or more than one. However, the ratio more than 2 indicates that the company is not utilising its working capital in efficient way (Morris and Shin 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the liquidity position of the company is good and they are in comfortable position to pay-off their current obligation comfortably. Acid test ratio It is calculated that the acid test ratio for Blackmores limited for the Year 2015 is 0.93 and that of 2016 is 1.30. The acid test ratio identifies whether the organization is capable of paying off its short-term obligations with the available short-term assets. Generally the acid test ratio of between the range of 0,20 to 0.50 is considered healthy (Noor and Lodhi 2015). It can be identified that the liquidity position of the company while the inventories are not considered is quite healthy. Though, the ratio of 2016 is quite better as compared to that of 2015, the acid test ratio of both the year is healthy. Financial advice to improve the overall liquidity position Reducing the overhead reducing the overhead of the company is one of the ways to improve the liquidity position (Zhu 2014). Operating expenses or overhead cost include various things that do not contribute to the profit. Some common overheads like insurance, utilities, rent, and professional fees can be reduced to improve the overall liquidity position. Analysis of capital structure ratio Proprietors ratio It can be seen that the proprietors ratio of Blackmores Limited is 42% for the year 2015 and 45% for the year 2016. The proprietors ratio of Blackmores Limited reveals that the shareholders contribution in the total capital of the organization. The low proprietary ratio like 40 - 50% is indicating that the company has strong position with regard to the finance and the creditors are highly secured. On the contrary, the higher ratio like more than 50% would have indicated that the company is highly dependent on the debts for its business operation (Zeitun and Tian 2014). Further, the bigger portion of debt in the capital decreases the interest of the creditors, increase the expenses towards interest and increase the risk related to bankruptcy. Generally, the ratio of 40% is considered as healthy for the organization. Therefore, it can be said that the proprietors ratio of the company is under control. Debt to total asset ratio Debt to total asset ratio of Blackmores Limited is 58% for the year 2015 and 55% for the year 2016. Normally, the ratio of 50 - 60% is indicating that the position of Blackmores is healthy for the organization to be viable in the long-run. It is the leverage ratio that calculates the amount of the total asset financed by the creditors rather than the investors. On other words, it is the ratio of asset that is financed through borrowing. Generally, it evaluates how the company is growing and acquiring the assets over the time (Robb and Robinson 2014). It can be seen that the Therefore, it can be said that the debt to total asset ratio of the company is as per requirement. Analysis of profitability position of the company Inventory turnover ratio the ratio of the company for 2015 as 0.95 and for 2016 0.69 is indicating that of the company is quite impressive as it is able sell 69% of its inventory within a year for 2016. From the above it is identified that the companys inventory turnover ratio is declined in 2016 as compared to that of 2015. However, the ratio of the company is quite impressive as it is able sell 69% of its inventory within a year for 2016. This ratio is the efficiency ratio and revels how effectively the company is managing its inventory through comparison of COGS with the average inventory for the specific period. This ratio is states the time which, the inventory is sold or turned into cash by Blackmores during the year. If the company purchases large amount of inventory it has to sale large amount of inventory to improve the inventory turnover ratio. However, if the company is not able to sell its inventories in timely manner, it will have to incur various costs like holding cos ts and storage costs. Return on invested capital However, from the table it is revealed that the OIC of the company is 23% in 2016 as compared to the 21% of 2015. Therefore, it can be said that the ROIC of the company has improved in 2016 as compared to 2015. This ratio is used for assessing the efficiency of the company with regard to the allocation of its capital for the profitable investment. ROIC reveals how the company is utilising its capital for generation of income (Ioannidis et al. 2014). However, whether the return is good or bad, it depends on the companys cost of capital. If the return is more than the cost of capital, it is regarded as good return and vice versa. Analysis of asset management efficiency position Receivable turnover ratio - From the above table it is identified that the receivable turnover ratio of the company has improved as compared to the year 2015 and for 2015 it was 4 times approximately and for 2016 it was 5 times approximately. It is measured to calculate the efficiency of a company with regard to extension of credit and collection of the dues. It is the activity ratio that states the efficiency of a company in utilization of its assets. a high ratio indicates that the company is making its sales mainly on cash and on the contrary a low ratio suggests that the company has poor collection procedures and an inefficient credit policy or the customers are going through bad financial condition (Tayeh, Al-Jarrah and Tarhini 2015). Fixed asset turnover ratio It can be identified from the above table that the ratio for the year 2016 is better as compared to 2015. A higher ratio indicates the better turnover position and higher level of efficiency. It is used by the financial analyst to measure the operating performance of the company and the ability of the company to create sales from the fixed asset like property, plant and equipment or investment (Robinson et al. 2015). Investment decision Looking at the performance of the company through various ratios for the year 2015 as well as 2016 it is concluded that the firm is a better one to invest in as the financial performance of the company is as per the industry standards and will definitely provide the investor with positive return. The reasons of investment are as follows Return on invested capital of the company is 21% and 23% respectively for 2015 and 2016. It indicates that the company will provide consistent return to the investors. The current ratio of the company is 1.63 and 1.53 respectively for the year 2015 and 2016. It indicates that the company is efficient and in better position to pay-off their short-term obligations efficiently and thereby expected that the investors will get their return on time. Reference Ioannidis, J.P., Greenland, S., Hlatky, M.A., Khoury, M.J., Macleod, M.R., Moher, D., Schulz, K.F. and Tibshirani, R., 2014. Increasing value and reducing waste in research design, conduct, and analysis. The Lancet, 383(9912), pp.166-175. Morris, S. and Shin, H.S., 2016. Illiquidity component of credit risk. International Economic Review, 57(4), pp.1135-1148. Noor, A. and Lodhi, S., 2015. Impact of Liquidity Ratio on Profitability: An Empirical Study of Automobile Sector in Karachi. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, p.639. Robb, A.M. and Robinson, D.T., 2014. The capital structure decisions of new firms. The Review of Financial Studies, 27(1), pp.153-179. Robinson, T.R., Henry, E., Pirie, W.L. and Broihahn, M.A., 2015. International financial statement analysis. John Wiley Sons. Tayeh, M., Al-Jarrah, I.M. and Tarhini, A., 2015. Accounting vs. market-based measures of firm performance related to information technology investments. Zeitun, R. and Tian, G.G., 2014. Capital structure and corporate performance: evidence from Jordan. Zhu, J., 2014. Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking: data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets (Vol. 213). Springer.

Spring And Fall Essays - English-language Films, Open University

Spring And Fall Annonymous The play Educating Rita by Willy Russell gained great popularity especially during the early eighties. There has also been a movie made from it starring Julie Walters and the more famous Michael Caine. As so often the case, the movie was more elaborate with additional scenes, some of which were spoken of or retold by the actors in the play. The movie also included several actors while the play only featured two, Frank and Rita. After having read the play and seen the movie I am struck by a number of differences. Seemingly subtle, many small details have a great impact on how the story can and is being perceived. The movie offers much more background information on other characters and events that are important to the story. 'The Screenwriter's Bible' by David Trottier offers a good insight in script writing and story structure. It deals with the basic elements of a typical screenplay, and explains what it actually is that an audience craves. Many of the principles can and should be applied to any story whether a screenplay, theatric play, novel or short story. The play is much more predictable in the sense that a great many things are bound not to happen on stage. In fact nothing taking place outside Frank's office can be seen by the audience. All action is inevitably confined within these four walls. When Frank invites Rita to his home for dinner in the play the audience are not set up for suspension as to how it will turn out since they already know that whatever happens will not take place before them, but will be retold. The movie is several scenes richer. Some of these scenes are in the play retold by the actors and some of them are not there at all. Scene three in act two begins with Frank cursing Sod them-no fuck them! Fuck them, eh, Rita? Neither Rita or the audience have the first clue as to what he is referring to. As the dialogue progresses they audience is informed that he is upset because the students reported him since he had been very drunk while giving his last lecture. The audience never get to see the actual scene where this happens. The can never witness Frank staggering and slurring in front of the class. They are not given a fair chance to make an assessment whether they accept Frank's behavior and side with him, or if they think it serves him right to be reported. David Trottier claims Never tell what you can show. Be as visual as possible. Rather than two ladies at tea commenting on the fact that Darla skydives for relaxation, show us Darla actually jumping from a plane, or show her coming home with a parachute and trying to stuff it into the closet. The fact that the audience meet with only two characters in the play is limiting in the sense that a lot of information is implicit or even withheld. David Trottier says One key to making a drama dramatic is to create a strong central character with a powerful goal, and then provide a strong opposition character who tries to stop the central character from achieving this goal. This assures us of conflict. And conflict is drama. Denny, Rita's husband strongly opposes her spending time on education. He wants her to have a baby and become a house-wife and throughout most of the play he is trying make her quit what she is doing. Denny is definitely the opposition character. In the play Rita tells Frank that Denny has burnt all her books, and again the action is retold. In the movie we actually get to see the anger and frenzy of Denny, which gives a much more clear background and perhaps a deeper understanding of Rita's conflict with her husband. Another thing that sheds more light on things is the ending of the movie which makes for a more definite resolution. In the end of the last scene of the play Rita says I'm gonna take ten years off you... and then proceeds to cut Frank's hair. The movie takes us a little further. We get to see Frank's new haircut when he is at the airport and Rita has come to see him off. They hug tenderly and part as friends with smiles on their faces. What is perhaps even more important for the resolution is that Frank actually gets on the plane to Australia. When reading the play there is room for doubt whether he really took the plunge